How to Cite
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 emergency and the covid-19 pandemic are a global public health phenomenon. The objective of this study was to analyze the time trends of covid-19 pandemic in Guanajuato and México. For the analysis, the public database of the National Epidemiological Surveillance System was used to show the indicators of covid-19 (monthly) corresponding to the Institute of Public Health of the State of Guanajuato and the rest of Mexico. Online graphs were designed with the counts; for comparisons, the rate ratio in semi-annual periods was chosen. Guanajuato showed a better performance at the beginning of the pandemic, but in January 2021 this trend seems to reverse. In later months the curves tend to be more similar between Guanajuato and the rest of Mexico. The explanations for this phenomenon may be the coordination of local actions, the biology of the pandemic itself, or vaccination plans.
References
Álvarez-Maldonado, P., Hernández-Ríos, G., Ambríz-Mondragón, J. C., Gordillo-Mena, J. A., Morales-Serrano, D. F., Reding-Bernal, A., & Hernández-Solís, A. (2021). Characteristics and mortality of Mexican patients with COVID-19 and mechanical ventilation. Gaceta Medica de México, 157(1), 97-101. https://doi.org/10.24875/gmm.20000568
Ascencio-Montiel, I. J., Ovalle-Luna, O. D., Rascón-Pacheco, R. A., Borja-Aburto, V. H., & Chowell, G. (2022). Comparative epidemiology of five waves of COVID-19 in Mexico, March 2020–August 2022. BMC Infectious Diseases, 22(813),1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07800-w
Bello-Chavolla, O. Y., Bahena-López, J. P., Antonio-Villa, N. E., Vargas-Vázquez, A., González-Díaz, A., Márquez-Salinas, A., Fermín-Martínez, C. A., Naveja, J. J., & Aguilar-Salinas, C. A. (2020). Predicting mortality due to SARS-CoV-2: a mechanistic score relating obesity and diabetes to COVID-19 outcomes in Mexico. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 105(8), 2752-27-61. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa346
Bennouna, C., Giraudy, A., Moncada, E., Rios, E., Snyder, R., & Testa, P. (2021). Pandemic policymaking in presidential federations: explaining subnational responses to Covid-19 in Brazil, Mexico, and the United States. Publius, 51(4), 570-600. https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fpublius%2Fpjab025
Cadenas-Guadarrama, C. I. (2022). Análisis de la correlación entre capacitación y la fatalidad de casos de Covid-19 en el Estado de Guanajuato: un estudio ecológico de tendencias en el tiempo [Tesis de especialidad]. Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey.
Citi Research. (2021). Mexico local market views. Summer, no lull. https://www.banamex.com/sitios/analisis-financiero/pdf/Economia/MLMV160721.pdf
Consejo Nacional de Población (Conapo). (2022). Proyecciones de la población de México y de las Entidades. Datos abiertos. https://datos.gob.mx/busca/dataset/proyecciones-de-la-poblacion-de-mexico-y-de-las-entidades-federativas-2020-2070
Dirección General de Epidemiología (DGE). (2023). Datos abiertos Bases históricas. https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/891411/datos_abiertos_historicos_2023.pdf
Fay, M. (2022). rateratio.test: Exact Rate Ratio Test. R package version 1.1. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rateratio.test
Gobierno de México. (2020). Medidas de seguridad sanitaria. Se declara como emergencia sanitaria la epidemia generada por COVID-19. https://coronavirus.gob.mx/medidas-de-seguridad-sanitaria/
Hannan, S. A., Honjo, K., & Raissi, M. (2022). Mexico needs a fiscal twist: response to Covid-19 and beyond. International Economics, 169, 179-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inteco.2022.01.004
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI). (2020a). México en cifras. Población total. https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/areasgeograficas/?ag=00#collapse-Resumen
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI). (2020b). Número de habitantes Guanajuato. https://www.cuentame.inegi.org.mx/monografias/informacion/gto/poblacion/default.aspx
Knaul, F., Arreola-Ornelas, H., Porteny, T., Touchton, M., Sánchez-Talanquer, M., Méndez, Ó., Chertorivski, S., Ortega, S., Chudnovsky, M., & Kuri, P. (2021). Not far enough: public health policies to combat COVID-19 in Mexico’s states. Plos One, 16(6), e0251722. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251722
Loza, A., Wong-Chew, R. M., Jiménez-Corona, M. E., Zárate, S., López, S., Ciria, R., Palomares, D., García-López, R., Iša, P., Taboada, B., Rosales, M., Boukadida, C., Herrera-Estrella, A., Mojica N. S., Rivera-Gutiérrez, X., Muñoz-Medina, J. E., Salas-Lais, A. G., Sánchez-Flores, A., Vázquez-Pérez, J. A., Arias, C. F., & Gutiérrez-Ríos, R. M. (2022). Two-year follow-up of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 1050673. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1050673
Martínez-Muñoz, J. M. (2020). Oficio Circular CGAyF/DGRH/DDH/DRL/016-0010/2020). 2020. Instituto de Salud Pública del Estado de Guanajuato.
Mongua-Rodríguez, N., Rodríguez-Álvarez, M., De-la-Rosa-Zamboni, D., Jiménez-Corona, M. E., Castañeda-Cediel, M. L., Miranda-Novales, G., Cruz-Pacheco, G., Ferreira-Guerrero, E., Ferreyra-Reyes, L., Delgado-Sánchez, G., Martínez-Hernández, M., Cruz-Salgado, A., Pérez-Padilla, R., Ponce-de-León, S., & García-García, L. (2022). Knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and COVID-19 hesitancy in a large public university in Mexico City during the early vaccination rollout. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14225-2
Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). (2020). Actualizaciones sobre la enfermedad del coronavirus (COVID-19) 2020. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen
Padilla-Raygoza, N., Sandoval-Salazar, C., Díaz-Martínez, D. A., Navarro-Olivos, E., Gallardo-Luna, M. J., Magos-Vázquez, F. J., & León-Verdín, M. G. (2020a). Evolution of COVID-19 infection in Mexico until March 23, 2020: a descriptive ecological study. Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 32(8), 42-48. https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2020/v32i830466
Padilla-Raygoza, N., Navarro-Olivos, E., Gallardo-Luna, M. J., Magos-Vázquez, F. J., Díaz-Martínez, D. A., Sandoval-Salazar, C., & Díaz-Becerril, L. A. (2020). Clinical data, comorbidities, and mortality of COVID-19 in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico until May 20, 2020. Central Asian Journal of Global Health, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.5195/cajgh.2020.527
Padilla-Raygoza, N., Sandoval-Salazar, C., Díaz-Becerril, L. A., Beltrán-Campos, V., Díaz-Martínez, D. A., Navarro-Olivos, E., Gallardo-Luna, M. J., Magos-Vázquez, F. J., & León-Verdín, M. G. (2020b). Update of the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19, and mortality in Mexico until May15, 2020: an ecological study. International Journal of Tropical Disease & Health, 41(5), 36-45. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2020/v41i530277
R Core Team. (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing [Software]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/
Rodríguez-Vallejo, D. S. (2021). Aquí si nos unimos para superar la pandemia. Desarrollo humano y social. https://3erinformeds.guanajuato.gob.mx/index.php/2021/02/23/aqui-si-nos-unimos-para-superar-la-pandemia-2/
Subsecretaría de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud-Secretaría de Salud (Salud). (2022). Informe técnico semanal 27 diciembre 2022. https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/788069/Informe_Tecnico_Semanal_COVID-19_2022.12.27.pdf
Unidad de Inteligencia Epidemiológica y Sanitaria-Secretaría de Salud (Salud). (2020). Comunicado técnico diario nuevo Coronavirus en el Mundo (COVID-19). https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/543207/Comunicado_Tecnico_Diario_COVID-19_2020.03.24.pdf
Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., Zhao, X., Huang, B., Shi, W., Lu, R., Niu, P., Zhan, F., Ma, X., Wang, D., Xu, W., Wu, G., Gao, G. F., Tan, W. (2020). A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. The New England Journal of Medicine, 382(8), 727-733. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017