Pathological worry in hypertensive compared to normotensive population in Michoacan (Mexico)
HTML (Español (España))
PDF (Español (España))

Keywords

Pathological worry
anxiety
depression
arterial hypertension
Mexican population. Preocupación patológica
ansiedad
depresión
hipertensión arterial
población mexicana.

How to Cite

Velázquez Díaz, M., Espinoza González, F., Martínez Medina, M. P., & Padrós Blázquez, F. (2016). Pathological worry in hypertensive compared to normotensive population in Michoacan (Mexico). Acta Universitaria, 26(2), 70–76. https://doi.org/10.15174/au.2016.870

Abstract

Diverse studies have reported high anxiety levels as a main factor associated with hypertension. However, there are few studies showing the possible relationship between pathological worry and hypertension; hence it is the main focus of this study. Sample size consists of 306 male and female participants (n = 153 hypertensive and n = 153 normotensive), who were paired according to sex, age, marital status, and education level.  Penn State Worry Questionnaire, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory were applied in both groups. Results indicate higher levels of pathological worry, anxiety and depressive symptoms (all with p < 0.001) in the hypertensive group. The main limitation of our study is that the type of treatment administered to our sample was not controlled, nor the possible side effects. However, our results suggest that the intervention on pathological worry could be beneficial for hypertensive patients.


https://doi.org/10.15174/au.2016.870
HTML (Español (España))
PDF (Español (España))

References

American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: APA.


Bautista, L. E., Vera-Cala, L. M., Colombo, C., & Smith, P. (2012). Symptoms of depression and anxiety and adherence to antihypertensive medication. American Journal of Hypertension, 25(4), 505-511.


Brosschot, J. F., Gerin, W., & Thayer, J. F. (2006). The perseverative cognition hypothesis: A review of worry, prolonged stress-related physiological activation, and health. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 60(2), 113-124.


Brosschot, J. F., Pieper, S., & Thayer, J. F. (2005). Expanding stress theory: prolonged. activation and perseverative cognition. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 30(10), 1043-1049.


Chobanian, A. V., Bakris, G. L., Black, H. R., Cushman, W. C., Green, L. A., Izzo, J. L., Jones, D. W., Materson, B. J., Oparil, S., Wright, J. T., & Roccella, E. J. (2003). Séptimo informe del comité nacional conjunto en prevención, detección, evaluación y tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial. Hypertension, 42(1), 1206-1252.


Curb, J. D., Borhani, N. O., Blaszkowski, T. P., Zimbaldi, N., Fotiu, S., & Williams, W. (1985). Long-term Surveillance for Adverse Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 253(22), 3263-3268.


Davey, G. C. (1994). Pathological worrying as exacerbated problem-solving. En G. C. Davey & F. Tallis (Eds). Worrying: Perspectives on theory, assessment and treatment (pp. 35-59). New York: John Wiley & Sons.


Espinosa, R., García-Vera, M. P., & Sanz, J. (2011). Factores psicosociales implicados en el control de la hipertensión arterial. Hipertensión, 29(2), 44-49.


Gaviria, A. M., Vinaccia, S., Quiceno, J. M., Taborda, M., Ruiz, N. & Francis, L. J. (2009). Emociones negativas en pacientes con diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial. Diversitas. Perspectivas en Psicología, 5(1), 37-46.


Guadalajara, J. F. (2006). Cardiología (6a ed). México: Méndez Editores.


Hill, L. (2009). Ethnic differences in cardiovascualr response and recovery: the effect of perseverative cognition (Electronic Thesis or Dissertation). The Ohio State University. Recuperado el 8 de septiembre de 2014 de https://etd.ohiolink.edu/


Huh Shinn, E., Carlos Poston, W. S., Kimball, K. T., St. Jeor, S. T., & Foreyt, J. P. (2001). Presión arterial y síntomas de depresión y ansiedad: estudio prospectivo. The American Journal of Hypertension ,(3), 551-556.


Jonas, B. S., Franks, P., & Ingram, D. D. (1997). Are symptoms of anxiety and depression risk factors form hypertension? Longitudinal evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic follw-up study. Archives of Family Medicine, 6(1), 43-49.


Jurado, S., Villegas, M. E., Méndez, L., Rodríguez, F., Loperena, V., & Varela, R. (1998). La estandarización del inventario de depresión de Beck para los residentes de la Ciudad de México. Salud Mental, 21(3), 26-31.


Kelly, W. E. (2002). Some evidence for nonpathological and pathological worry as separate constructs: an investigation of worry and boredom. Personality and individual differences, 33(3), 345-354.


Lim, Y. J., Kim, Y. H., Lee, E. H., & Kwon, S. M. (2008). The Penn State Worry Questionnaire: Psychometric properties of Korean version. Depression and Anxiety, 25(10), 97-103.


Magán, I., Sanz, J., Espinosa, R., & García-Vera, M. P. (2013). Perfil emocional y cognitivo de la hipertension arterial esencial mantenida frente a la normotensión. Clínica y Salud, 24(2), 67-76.


Markovitz, J. H., Matthews, K. A., Kannel, W. B., Cobb, J. L., & D’Agostino, R. B. (1993). Psychological predictors of hypertension in the Framingham Study. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 270(20), 2439-2443.


Markovitz, J. H., Matthews, K. A., Wing, R. R. Kuller, L. H. & Meilahn, E. N. (1991). Psychological, biological, and health behavior predictors of blood pressure changes in midldle-aged women. Journal of Hypertension, 9(5), 399-406.


Martínez-Medina, M. P., & Padrós Blázquez, F. (22-26 noviembre de 2014). Presentación de cartel “Adaptación mexicana de la escala de preocupación patológica (PSWQ)”. XXVIII Congreso de la Asociación Psiquiátrica de América Latina (APAL), Cartagena de Indias, Colombia.


Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28(6), 487-495.


Muriel, A., Benavides, L., Bueno, O., Cuadros, P., & Echeverri, R. (2006). Estudio comparativo del nivel de ansiedad, personalidad tipo A y factores de riesgo asociados a la hipertensión arterial en pacientes hipertensos y no hipertensos. Archivos de Medicina, (13), 51-67.


Nagele, E., Jeitler, K., Horvath, K., Semlitsch, T., Posch, N., Herrmann, K. H., Grouven, U., Hermanns, T., Hemkens, L. G., & Siebenhofer, A. (2014). Clinical effectiveness of stress-reduction techniques in patients with hypertension: systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Hypertension, 32(10), 1936-1944.


Norma Oficial Mexicana (NOM-030-SSA2-1999). Para la prevención, tratamiento y control de la hipertensión arterial. México. Recuperado de http://www.salud.gob.mx/unidades/cdi/nom/030ssa29.html


Novaes, M. E., Bignotto, M. M., Justo, A. P., & Gomes de Matos, T. M. (2006). Cardiovascular Reactivity in Hypertensives: Differential Effect of Expressing and Inhibiting Emotions during Moments of Interpersonal Stress. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 9(2), 154-161.


Nuevo Benítez, R., Montorio Cerrato, I., Márquez González, M., Fernández de Trocóniz, M. I., & Losada Baltar, A. (2004). Análisis del fenómeno de la preocupación en personas mayores. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 4(2), 337-355.


Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) (2012). Hipertensión.Recuperado el 16 de diciembre de 2012 de http://www.who.int/world-health-day/es/


Pieper, S., Brosschot, J. F., Van Der, L., & Thayer, J. F. (2007). Cardiac Effects of Momentary Assessed Worry Episodes and Stressful Events. American Psychosomatic Medicine, 69(9), 901-909.


Pieper, S., Brosschot, J. F., Van Der, L., & Thayer, J. F. (2010). Prolonged Cardiac Effects of Momentary Assessed Stressful Events and Worry Episodes. American Psychosomatic Medicine, 72(6), 570-577.


Robles, R., Varela, R., Jurado, S., & Páez, F. (2001). Versión mexicana del inventario de ansiedad de Beck: propiedades psicométricas. Revista Mexicana de Psicología, 18(2), 211-218


Sandín, B., Chorot, P., Valiente, R. M., & Lostao, L. (2009). Validación española del cuestionario de preocupación PSWQ: Estructura factorial y propiedades psicométricas. Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 14(2), 107-122.


Sareen, J., Cox, B. J., Clara, I., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2005). The relationship between anxiety disorders and physical disorders in the US National Comorbidity Survey. Depression and anxiety, 21(4), 193-202.


Topper, M., Emmelkamp, P. M. G., Watkins, E., & Ehring, T. (2014). Development and assessment of brief versions of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire and the Ruminative Response Scale. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 53(4), 402-421.


Tully, P. J., Cosh, S. M., & Baune, B. T. (2013). A review of the affects of worry and generalized anxiety disorder upon cardiovascular health and coronary heart disease. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 18(6), 627-644.


Wuthrich, V. M., & Ashleigh Knight, C. J. (2014). Comparison of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) and abbreviated version (PSWQ-A) in a clinical and non-clinical population of older adults. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28(7), 657-663.